Block paving, the sort that’s made from smaller, traditional-sized blocks rather than the larger flagstone sized blocks, is usually laid in one of two ways, rigid or flexible. In the past, when roads and streets were made this way in many parts of the United Kingdom, the laying method would have been of the flexible kind. This was where small blocks of stone were laid in a bedding type layer, and then set in place using a thin layer of mortar between the rows. Over time, as traffic increased on these roads and streets, sometimes some stones would become displaced if the road became damaged.
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Rigid versus flexible
But in more recent decades the trend has been toward rigid construction, where the blocks (variously known as setts or cubes around the country) are laid on a concrete bed. Flexible bedding isn’t, of course, flexible in the way that rubber is, but it is more flexible than rigid paving. The level of movement allowed by flexible construction can make it more suitable for areas where a little settlement can be expected.
But for most driveways the rigid construction is simple to lay and more than adequate. The exact specification for the various levels of the driveway will depend on the amount of traffic the driveway can expect, but we will give guidelines for a lightly trafficked driveway, two to three cars in length.
The different layers
The laying principles of a rigid construction driveway are simple, hence it’s popularity in the modern era. Instead of a number of different layers of hardcore, sub-grade and bedding, all you need is a concrete bedding layer about four inches deep to bed the blocks into.
This means you only have to dig the channel for the driveway to four inches plus the depth of the blocks you are going to lay. The channel should also be two or three inches wider than the actual drive to give you room to manoeuvre the blocks at the edges. Don’t forget to allow for an edging strip as well.
Clear any weeds and consider putting some weed-killer down if they are particularly bad. Once the bottom of the channel has been compacted, fill any significant depressions with crushed hardcore and compact again.
Edging – if you fancy it
If you are thinking of edging your driveway then build that in before you start adding the bedding layer. It isn’t strictly essential to use edging on a rigid construction block driveway, as the blocks should be held securely in place by the bedding layer. But it may help the driveway to last longer, in particular preventing chipping of the blocks at the extreme edges.
It can also look better too, although it depends on what’s at the edges of your driveway, grass, edged beds, fencing or perhaps something else? There are a couple of articles on edging for the various different driveway types on this site so take a look at some of those to help you decide.
Of course, you need to measure the width of the driveway site very accurately and lay your blocks very accurately to make this all come together properly. If you are using reclaimed blocks that are irregular in size, you will need to plan very carefully as you reach the edges, selecting a combination of blocks that will allow you to reach the edge on each row without it looking odd.
Bedding layer
The bedding layer is a concrete mix that has a cement portion, just enough so that it stays flexible for longer, allowing you to lay the blocks, then sets hard, but not rock hard. This is known as a ‘lean mix’ and various websites, particularly concrete manufacturers, offer calculators which will tell you the right ratios and the amounts you will need for the area of your driveway.
There needs to be a camber in most driveways so build that into the bedding layer. The easiest way is to cut a template of plywood that curves the correct amount then use it to check the profile of the bedding layer as you go. You can use the same template later to check the profile of the blocks themselves and retain the integrity of the camber.
Block laying and jointing
Lay the blocks, setts, cubes, whatever it is you are using, in the pattern you’ve decided on, taking great care to keep joints as consistent as possible. You will also need to joint the blocks to keep them in place and set properly.
We have articles that cover the laying of the blocks in more detail and numerous articles on the different types of jointing available for block paving, so refer to those to help you make your choices and do the job when the time comes.
When you’ve finished laying the blocks, compact them, either by bouncing on them or using a vibrating plate compactor and then finish off with a layer of sand.
Conclusion
Rigid construction is the kind of block paving where regular, rectangular shaped blocks are laid in a bedding layer. It’s very simple to do and you can save yourself having to move any extremely heavy materials around at the start of the project. Just dig a shape that fits your needs and use crushed hardcore as sub-base before filling any holes with the hardcore.
Easier access is another benefit of using rigid construction, particularly if you are planning to do your own laying or get a couple of friends to help as that allows you to just move the pallet and blocks into place rather than shifting a whole lot of extra materials around. The same applies for removing the old materials as well. Easier access is perhaps the reason why rigid construction became popular in driveways at the start of the 20th century and why it’s still a strong choice for new driveways today, despite its simplicity appealing to only a small proportion of homeowners.
If you are thinking of laying a rigid construction block driveway, then take a look at the other articles on this site for more information.